• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Method and machine allowing a quasi-isothermal compression or expansion process within any thermodynamic cycle containing such transformations. The method is implemented by the use of heat exchangers (A and B) independent from each other, and in each exchanger (A and B) the working agent circulates intermittently and in one single direction, and the exchangers (A and B) are successively and cyclically connected and disconnected with the variable volume of the working chamber (a).
    公开号:SU1386038A3
    申请号:SU823451318
    申请日:1982-06-07
    公开日:1988-03-30
    发明作者:Василе Крисогилос Андрей
    申请人:Зе Нейшнл Инститьют Фор Термэл Енджинз (Инопредприятие)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    exchangers to one compression chamber and one variable volume expansion chamber. The volumes of the latter and heat exchangers are made in a certain ratio. When the rotor 4 rotates, the working space of variable volume will be successively connected in the phase of compression with the heat exchanger (T) A, and in the expansion phase with T B using windows f provided in the wall of the working space. The duration of the connection between the RP with (1 and T should be divided into two phases. During the first phase, the working agent (PA) from T And flows in the direction of
    86038
    RP and through the window T T A and window f, providing, together with RA, the creation of the polymer mixture. The working space PA transmits the heat to the RA, which leaves the T. In the second phase, the closing of the window B and the opening of the window c are performed simultaneously. The two volumes are joined together. The gas flows from RA to T through windows f. And C, supplying heat to the mass that leaves the RP. Part of the heat from the compression of the gases exiting from T to RP is discharged through the walls T to the outside. Compression has a sub-abatic character. 2 si 3 hp f-ly, 8 ill.
    one.
    The invention relates to machine building, namely engine building, and can be used to create engines with external heat input.
    The aim of the invention is to increase the degree of isothermalization of the processes of compression and expansion and to ensure one-sided circulation of gas in heat exchangers.
    FIG. Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a variant of a rotary-blade engine with an external inlet. The warmth that implements the method of quasi-isothermal transformation under compression and expansion of gas; in fig. 2 is a diagram of quasi-isothermal compression and expansion processes in coordinates P-Vj in FIG. 3 is a diagram of quasi-isothermal compression and expansion processes in T — S j coordinates in FIG. 4 shows a theoretical engine cycle diagram with an external heat supply in coordinates P - Vj in FIG. 5 shows a version of a piston engine with an external, heat supply, which implements a method of quasi-isothermal transformation during compression, expansion of gas; 6 is a section A-A in FIG. five; in fig. 7 is a detail of the window seal {in FIG. 8 is a section BB in FIG. five.
    The rotary-vane engine with external heat supply (Fig. 1) contains a group of independent cooled heat exchangers A, each of which contains a certain number of heat exchange units 1 equipped with windows L, c, and a group of independent heated heat exchangers B, each of which contains some the number of heat exchange units 2, equipped with windows d, e. Blocks 1 and 2 are placed diametrically opposite to the stator 3, inside which is placed the rotor 4 with blades 5 forming the chambers of the working space a variable volume with filled with windows f.
    . The engine is equipped with an input window 6, an output window 7 and a window 8 compression. Depending on the purpose of the engine, the windows can be either opened or locked.
    Alternatively, the engine that implements the proposed method is a piston machine.
    A piston engine with an external heat supply (Fig. 5) holds the rotating cylinder 9, in which a double acting piston 10 with sealing rings 11 is placed. The piston is placed in bearings 12 on the crank of the crankshaft 13 and consists of two halves g fastened in bearing planes using bolts 14. The crankshaft 13 is fixed by main axles q in transversal caps 15 and 16, equipped with windows t, u, on roller bearings 17 and 18. Rotating cylinder 9 is mounted on transverse hooks 1 and 16 with roller bearings ICs 19 and 20, which are located on the OS. OO, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder, section it on. two equal parts. On the crankshaft there is a gear wheel 21 with external teeth, which performs transmission in the ratio of 1: 2 with a gear wheel 22 fixed to the rotating cylinder 9. In the transverse walls of the rotating cylinder 9 there are four windows f, communicating in pairs with each working chamber of variable volume. Two distributing disks 23 are fastened to the axle housing of the rotating cylinder 9 on each side of the rotating cylinder 9. Each of the distributing disks 23 is equipped with two windows s, from which passages 24 start, which connect windows S with windows f in the walls of the rotating axis of the cylinder 9 During rotation, the distributor disks 23 together with the rotating cylinder pass a window s in front of the radial windows t, U located on the same diameter as the windows s.
    Windows t are used by dp camera connections a to heat exchangers a or b in the first phase using a number of connections 25, windows u are used to connect a camera to heat exchangers a and b in the second phase using connections 26. connections 25 correspond to the output and 26 to the inlet of the heat exchanging unit 1 or 2 (see FIG. 1).
    Each of the windows t, u is closed on the trapezoidal contour with linear opening segments 27 (Fig. 7) located in the slots of the fixed covers 15 and 16. With the help of linear opening segments located in an irregular row on the trapezoidal contour overlapping on the same diameter that windows t, u also overlap two spaces v located between two groups of windows t, u of the corresponding groups of heat exchangers A and B.
    On the outer nuts 15 and 16, in the region corresponding to the lower dead point of the piston 10, there are windows W of the same shape and radial arrangement as windows t, u, each
    ,, n 5

    0
    of which is connected to the suction nozzle 6. As well as the windows t, u, the windows W overlap. the trapezoidal contour with the help of the opening linear segments 27. The suction windows W can be closed after the engine has reached the operating mode.
    Rotary-vane engine with an external supply of heat (Fig. 1) works as follows.
    During the rotation of the rotor 4, the working space a of the variable volume with n. The main parameters (P, V, T,) are sequentially connected in the compression phase to the heat exchanger A, and in the expansion phase to the heat exchanger B using the windows f in. wall of the workspace. The parameters of the state of the working agent in the first heat exchanger A are equal (Pj, Ud, t |).
    The duration of the connection between the working space q and the heat exchanger should be divided into two phases. The first phase, during which the working agent of the heat exchanger A flows in the direction of the working space P through the window b of the heat exchanger A and the window f in the wall of the working space, providing, together with the working agent of the working space, the creation of a polytropic mixture, state parameters of which are P,,, T, the working agent of the working space transfers heat to the working agent, which leaves the heat exchanger.
    Between the values of the initial state of two gases, the following relations:
    P p
       J
    TO
    t :,

    45
    while the state parameters of the polytropic mixture have the following ratios:
    RO p:
    t t
    about 1 f
    II
    In the second phase, the closing of the window b and the opening of the window c are carried out simultaneously, two volumes are simultaneously connected, the gas flows from the working space to the heat exchanger through the windows f, c, which ensured the supply of heat to the mass that leaves the working space.
    At the same time, part of the heat from the compression of the gases leaving the heat exchanger and the working space is removed through the walls of the heat exchanger
    in this case, the compression is subadiabatic in nature. At the moment of disconnection of the first cooled heat exchanger A from the working space, when the window C is closed, the gas in the working space is in the state P, V ,, T ,, and the gas in the first cooled heat exchanger A is in the state P, Vg, t.
    In comparison with the initial states, the parameters of the state of two gases have the following relations;
    Workspace T, a: That Heat Exchanger. PI P Once the workspace / I is disconnected from the cooled heat exchanger A, it is connected to the next cooled heat exchanger A, where the process is repeated as in the case of the first heat exchanger. The working agent in the heat exchanger A, which is detached from the working space, is in the isochoric state, having carried out heat exchange under the conditions of a fixed volume during the entire period of time before the heat exchanger is connected to the next working space, which is in such a state that its parameters can be considered identical to the initial parameters that are maintained until this moment of contact with the first working space P, V ,, TJ ...
    After passing through all k heat exchangers, the working space a passes through successive states (PO, V, TJ; (P ,, V, j, T,) ,,., 0, (P, T) with the following relations between the parameters condition:

    P,
    V, T
    Jv
    those.
     const ,,
    In TO, the polytropic mixture has the following states:
    P., V, T) .., (P,
    21
    Zi
    k p
     ) (P g (V,:
    V,
    ZK
    za. T
    chk
    V, +
    );
    z-k
    grgr
    , Z2 ° "
    ftT
    2K
    This represents the condition of the quasi-isothermal state of the gas in
    working space, i.e. reducing the deviation from each side of the isothermal curve.
    At the same time, each heat exchanger is alternately in two states:
    CP V t CP V tM
       CK1 l Q19
    fp V) (p V t}
     g Q2. -r- -2 a-i J -, .. j
    ,,, (p; ,, v ,, t;); (p, v, t ;,),
    While the state parameters satisfy the following relationships:
    -I
    ,;
    t t t
      2
    p p p.
    gr chgr) 1H-gr
    1, i. . . i | .
    p.
    t t
    to p
    0
    0
    Feed the working agent to the heat exchangers at the working parameters and reproducing these parameters in
    5 each cycle is carried out automatically. By means of the development of the cycle itself, in which the working agent is absorbed by the suction channel 6, each heat exchanger is gradually filled with stabilized parameters reproduced in each cycle. Sequence of absorption, formation of polytropic mixture, formation of total volumes and isochoric cooling of heat exchangers
    5 provide a stable equilibrium of the system due to monotonic changes in the parameters of the state of the gas in the working space, as well as in heat exchangers with respect to the stability limitations that self-replicate in each cycle. The limitation of the values is practically achieved after several cycles of operation of the machine.
    five
    0
    five
    Thus, the constraints to which the pressure P rises in the working space when it is disconnected from each heat exchanger, are determined by the following equations:
    ,
     / (R
    (V. + Va)
    , +, -J- Р,
    ,, ITI, -tn
    (V, + Va)
    (t,
    about,)
    РГ 0-,
    (
    ifr;
    () -
    V, Pf - P Oi
    I
    R
    , gp,
    (.)
    (V, + V ,,)
    nii-m
    V
    J- -im, (-1 K- J
    - (G
    , four
    Va.) 2 PK 0.
    m, - polytropic indicator - a mixture of two gases
    m is the polytropic index of the total gas state in the working space Yu and in the heat exchanger;
    p4
    .IL
    t:
    - coefficient of isochoric state of gas in i-M heat exchanger in the waiting period between periods of contact with two working spaces.
    Gas in a variable-sized working space is isothermally mixed with gas in a cooled heat exchanger. So, for m 1, we obtain the following relations for the stabilized pressure values P,:
    R.
    PoVoCVo-bVc ,,)
    R"
    (vv + v,), (,) -
     p. V. (V "+ Va)
    (V + V) (V, + V r--
    p ,.
     RCUK -. (UK -. + WAK)
    mj-i
    (V, + v ,,, (v,.,
    Values of P .; are finite if the ratio between the volume in the working space (U.) and the volume in the independent heat exchanger is maintained
    (V, .V.r- / J; V, (Vu, -bV ,,.
    In this way, the working agent is circulated in heat exchangers A in one direction only (shown above) if the following relationship is maintained between the parameters:
    (,,. (). 0
    for quasi-isothermal compression (V; + v.), (v; -H-v,
    for quasi-isothermal expansion. , Intensification of heat exchange to the required level of isothermal. the state of the gas in the working space using heat exchangers is obvious, on the one hand, due to
    five
    0
    five
    0
    five
    0
    five
    0
    five
    the effect of the polytropic index of general state p, whose value lies in the area of the unit, and on the other hand, due to the isochoric heat exchange in heat exchangers expressed by a factor that is less than one for the compression isotherm and Bbmie for the expansion isotherm.
    The diagrams of the quasi-isothermal cell compression and expansion processes shown in FIG. 2 and 3 show that the actual transformation curves g for compression and h for expansion are the result of the summation of a certain number of consecutive polytropic transformations, the continuous points i are located above and the sub-theoretical isothermal curves j for compression and 1 for expansion. The diagram presented in fig. 3 shows the independence of temperature from entropy. The curves are given for real conversion only, i.e. curve n - for compression, curve o - for expansion.
    A piston engine with an external heat supply according to FIG. 5 works as follows.
    The working agent acts through the piston 10 of double action on the crankshaft 13, and the rotating cylinder 9 rotates around the axis 0-0 with a rotational speed equal to half the rotational speed of the crankshaft. The movement of movement in the target is oscillatory, the maximum piston stroke is equal to four times the distance between the main axis and the axis of the crankshaft 13, i.e. fourfold crank eccentricity. Total inertia forces create a rational force in phase with the crankshaft position. This force can be balanced on the crankshaft using a fixed counterweight in accordance with a known method.
    The transmission of gears 21 and 22 does not take part in the transmission of engine torque to the crankshaft. Theoretically, the mechanism fully works without this transmission. Transmission 21-22 duplicates the kinematic chain piston-crank, and its purpose is to facilitate the rotation of the cylinder when the direction of the acting forces is at stake.
    cow friction (clutch) without participation in the transmission of torque.
    With the introduction of a gear, the contact between the piston and the walls of the rotating cylinder is reduced.
    The Carnot cycle is carried out in the engine due to the fact that in the first part of the compression the working space a comes in contact with the cooled heat exchanger A through connections 25 and 26, window t, and in transverse clamps 15 and 16, window S on the distribution disk 23, passages 24 and windows f in the walls of the rotating cylinder 9, giving part of the working agent to these heat exchangers and compressing the rest of the working attorney in a quasi-isothermal manner.
    As soon as the working space 01 is separated from the cooled heat exchanger A, adiabatic compression of the working agent begins, which grows in the working space to the top dead center of the piston. To this end, the engine is equipped with appropriate thermal insulation.
    At the moment when the piston reaches the top (sacrifice point) working space and is connected to heat exchanger B, as described above, the working agent is heated. After disconnecting the working space from the last heat exchanger B, the working agent remaining inside undergoes adiabatic expansion while the suction port is open and the working space a sucks in a number of working agent equal to the amount supplied to the two groups of heat exchangers A and B during the previous cycle. The cycle is then sequenced for two working spaces. The process of supplying the working agent to the working space stabilizes after several revolutions of the crankshaft, the suction decreases to zero and the suction port w must close. After closing the window w, the engine with the working agent operates in a closed loop. The power of the engine increases in proportion to the increase in pressure of the working agent.
    The working agent can be absorbed either directly from the atmosphere or from a closed volume. In the latter case, the state of the working agent can be
    five
    Q
    0 5
    0
    five
    0
    five
    0
    five
    Consider the magnitude of the parameters of the atmosphere. The working agent may be any gas, mixture of gases, or a homogeneous mixture of gas and liquid. The heat exchangers A can be cooled in the usual way with a cooling agent, while the heat exchanger B can be heated by using any heat source, including geothermal water, solar sources, nuclear sources or any type of fuel burners.
    If, in accordance with the invention, the heat engine operates as a compressor, the group of heat exchangers B and the output connection
    7can be excluded while maintaining the heat exchangers A and increasing the suction inlet 6, in this case the connection should be used
    8press. A heat engine that operates as a compressor should compress gas in one stage at a relatively high degree of compression, gas release at a temperature close to the ambient temperature. The compressor, which operates in accordance with the invention, may contain synthetic materials for pistons, segments, valves, etc., while achieving relative simplicity of design, reducing weight and dimensions due to the elimination of intermediate compression stages. If a heat engine operates as a heat pump or refrigeration unit, the arrangement of the two groups of heat exchangers must be changed in such a way as to ensure that the cycle is obtained in the opposite direction compared to its operation as an external combustion engine. The heat exchanger group B must. contain heat sources and correspond to the part of the pump that supplies heat, while the second group of heat exchangers A must correspond to the part of the refrigeration unit that can carry out the cooling.
    权利要求:
    Claims (5)
    [1]
    1. A method for quasi-isothermal transformation in compression and expansion of gas by sequential
    connecting two groups of heat exchangers to compression and expansion chamber of variable volume, characterized in that, in order to increase the degree of isothermalization of the processes, during compression and expansion, cyclical connection and disconnection of each heat exchange is carried out
    apparatus of each group to one chamber Q; a remote contour in contact with a cut and one chamber of expansion of a variable volume to ensure gas exchange between test-exchangers and chambers in two phases: during compression in the first phase, the gas flows from the cooled heat exchanger into the compression chamber of variable volume until equalizing the pressure in them, in the second phase the gas flow flows into the cooled heat exchanger from the variable volume compression chamber, while expanding in the first phase the gas flow flows in heating first heat exchange apparatus of the expansion chamber of variable volume until pressure equalization in them, in the second phase the gas stream flows from a heated heat exchanger into the variable volume expansion chamber.
    [2]
    2. Method by. Clause 1, that is, the fact that the nature of the processes of ingress and outflow of gas into heat exchangers is ensured by setting the law of change in the volume of the chambers.
    [3]
    3, Thermal machine for quasi-isothermal transformation during compression and expansion of gas, contains a rotating cylinder mounted on transverse collars, a double-action piston mounted in a cylinder and forming with its bottoms compression and expansion chambers connected, respectively, to groups of heat exchangers in contact with the cooler and a heater s and a crankshaft for driving the piston and the cylinder, characterized in that, in order to increase the degree of isothermalization of the processes, the machine is additionally equipped with spredelitel- nmi discs with distribution windows
    15
    20
    25
    thirty
    35
    40
    45
    discs, and the heat exchangers in each group are made with the possibility of independent contact with the heater and cooler. and each one is connected to the connection windows in the covers.
    [4]
    4. The machine according to claim 3, characterized in that the windows are connected. NRL of heat exchangers and the space between them are located radially and made in the form of linear opening segments, arranged in a continuous row in the form of trapezoidal contours.
    [5]
    5. Machine on PP. 3 and 4, characterized in that, in order to provide one-sided gas circulation in heat exchangers, the volumes of heat-transfer apparatus and variable volumes of chambers are made in accordance with the ratios for quasi-thermal compression
    (V.-bV, jr - | 3; V,; (V,., Y,; L-CHO;
    (P; (V, -, -bv ";,
    for quasi-isothermal expansion: (V; + V; r - / 3 | V “., (V.,) O,
    (V; - -V; A- / 5; (V, -., + V „,
    where v; - the volume of the camera at the time of it
    connections to the i-th heat exchange annapaTyj Vgj - heat exchanger volume m. - polytropic indicator of the general state of gas in 50
    P flattery and in the heat exchanger;
    coefficient of isochoric gas state in heat exchanger.
    and the openings fixed on the disks and the cylinder in the wall of the cylinder in the area of the bottoms are made cylinder windows communicating with the aisles and distribution windows, and in the transverse heads there are windows connecting the heat exchangers to the compression and expansion chambers and sealing the keystone
    discs, and the heat exchangers in each group are made with the possibility of independent contact with the heater and cooler. and each one is connected to the connection windows in the covers.
    4. The machine according to claim 3, characterized in that the windows are connected. NRL of heat exchangers and the space between them are located radially and made in the form of linear opening segments, arranged in a continuous row in the form of trapezoidal contours.
    5. Machine on PP. 3 and 4, characterized in that, in order to provide one-sided gas circulation in heat exchangers, the volumes of heat-transfer apparatus and variable volumes of chambers are made in accordance with the ratios for quasi-thermal compression
    (V.-bV, jr - | 3; V,; (V,., Y,; L-CHO;
    (P; (V, -, -bv ";,
    for quasi-isothermal expansion: (V; + V; r - / 3 | V “., (V.,) O,
    (V; - -V; A- / 5; (V, -., + V „,
    where v; - the volume of the camera at the time of it
    connections to the i-th heat exchange annapaTyj Vgj - heat exchanger volume m. - polytropic indicator of the general state of gas in
    P flattery and in the heat exchanger;
    coefficient of isochoric gas state in heat exchanger.
    FIG 2
    Fig.d
    Fig.C
    21 f to J1
    eleven
    g5
    and
    c
    27
    FIG. 7
    Fig.Z
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    RO81102311A|RO77965A2|1980-10-08|1980-10-08|PROCESS AND MACHINE FOR OBTAINING GUASI-ISOTHERMAL TRANSFORMATION COMPRESSION OR DESTINATION PROTECTION|
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